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@@ -71,14 +71,6 @@ Archetypical cosine scores range from -1 to 1.
 0: Vectors are at a 90-degree angle (orthogonal/unrelated).
 -1: Vectors point in opposite directions.
 
-## Beyond Pure Cosine Similarity
-
-In 2025, V.S. Raghu Parupudi proposed two metrics: Overlap Similarity (OS) and Hyperbolic Tangent Similarity (HTS) as “more robust normalization schemes, [to] capture [holistic semantic similarity more effectively than traditional methods.”   Parupudi, V. S. R. (2025). Magnitude Matters: a Superior Class of Similarity Metrics for Holistic Semantic Understanding. arXiv:2509.19323. 
-
-Parupudi concluded that “for a wide range of… NLP applications… paraphrase detection, semantic search, and inference - practitioners can achieve… performance improvement by replacing Cosine Similarity with Overlap Similarity or Hyperbolic Tangent Similarity.”
-
-Both OS and HTS attempt to introduce, to varying degrees (and with varying efficacy) 1) relational normalization 2) numerical-stability improvement within a bounded range and 3) outlier suppression. 
-
 ## Design
 
 Two-package monorepo: